Anatomic Guidelines for Dacryocystorhinostomy

Analysis of functional and anatomic success following endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy.

OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to assess the concomitant perioperative procedures, the causes of nasolacrimal duct obstruction, the success rate, and the complications associated with endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy (ENDCR). METHODS In this single-center retrospective study, 98 patients underwent 104 ENDCRs between January 1994 and February 2006. There were 78 patients with 84 nasolacri...

Summerskill's dacryocystorhinostomy.

THE routine excision of lacrimal sacs with obstructed drainage is bad surgical practice, and the provision of drainage through the lacrimal bone into the middle meatus of the nose has become the accepted procedure. In past years the time-consuming operation of Toti and its modifications have been accepted as the only satisfactory methods of achieving this aim. These operations, however, are ted...

Endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy.

External OCR used to be the gold standard for the treatment of epiphora till a decade back. However it carried significant morbidity and the success rate was dismal. The advent of endoscope coupled with the understanding of anatomy of the lateral wall of nose opened out an avenue to deal with these cases endoscopically. In our series of 30 cases we achieved successful relief of symptoms in 28 c...

Ethical Guidelines for Internal Audit Reporting Lines

The present study identifies ethical ways of auditing reporting, which define the relationship between internal audit and the various authorities of the organization. Defining these lines as determinants of impartiality and independence of internal audit is of great importance. In this research, the structural equation model has been used to test the proposed model. The information required for...

Pediatric dacryocystorhinostomy